Fish farming made easy!

If you are thinking of owning a fish farm, understand the specific steps that need to be taken to achieve success:

Business and financial plan: Make a business plan and a marketing strategy. Find out how much you will be required to invest. Next step would be to juggle loan options. Also make a calculation of the break even and the interest plan of the loan.

Statement showing Financial Analysis for Composite Fish Culture in New Ponds(Indicative)

NABARD

(Amt in Rs)

A. Cost	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3	Year 4	Year 5	Year 6	Year 7	Year 8
1. Fixed Costs	175,000	-
2. Recurring Costs	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000
Total	202,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000	27,000
B.Benefits
1. Income from sale of fish	-	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000	90,000
2. Net Income	-202,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	63,000
3. NPV Costs	273,332
4. NPV Benefits	374,438
5. NPV	101,106
6. BCR	1.51:1
D. IRR	25 %

Rate of Refinance

NABARD provides refinance assistance for fish culture to commercial banks, cooperative banks and regional rural banks. The rate of refinance is fixed by NABARD from time to time.

Rate of Interest

Interest rate to be charged to the ultimate borrowers would be as indicated by bank/RBI/NABARD from time to time depending on quantum of loan amount and the agency providing the loan.

Obtain a business license/Incorporation: Obtain a business license and register your company.
Type of fish: Decide on the type of fish you would like to breed. Do you want more than one type of fish? It is better to check fish variety in that region.

Fish species involved in composite fish culture

Depending on the compatibility and type of feeding habits of the fishes, the following types of fishes of Indian as well as Exotic varieties have been identified and recommended for culture in the composite fish culture technology :

Species Feeding habit Feeding zone

Indian Major Carp

Catla	Zoo plankton feeder	Surface feeder
Rohu	Omnivorous	Column feeder
Mrigal	Detritivorous	Bottom feeder

Exotic carps

Silver carp	Phytoplankton feeder	Surface feeder
Grass carp	Herbivorous	Surface, column and marginal areas
Common carp	Detritivorous/Omnivorous	Bottom feeder

Choosing a Pond

A fish pond should have enough space for the fishes to swim. There has to be a system to control the temperature of the water and create a habitat that suits that particular breed of fish. For example, if the fish needs warmer water, you should have lakes and ponds for the fish as well as a way to maintain the temperature of water. Clean the pond periodically.

The area under tanks and ponds available for warm fresh water aquaculture is estimated to be 2.85 million ha. In additition 0.78 million ha of swamps, beels, etc. and low lying water logged area not good for agriculture as also any agriculture land can be converted for fish farming. Out of the total inland fish production around 60% is contributed by the culture sector. The average productivity from ponds at present is to the tune of 2160 kg/ha/year. This shows the tremendous scope for fish culture in the country. The area of 4.56 lakh ha brought under scientific fish culture by 1997-98 is only 16% of the potential area of tanks and ponds available for development showing immense possibilities for horizontal expansion of composite fish culture.

Selection of Pond:

The main criteria to be kept in mind while selecting the pond is that the soil should be water retentive, adequate supply of water is assured and that the pond is not in a flood prone area. Derelict, semi derelict or swampy ponds can be renovated for fish culture by dewatering, distillation, repair of the embankments and provision of inlet and outlet. The pond may be owned by the individual or taken on lease in which case the lease period should be more or coterminous with the repayment period. The eligible items of pond development are as follows:

i)	Distilling of existing ponds
ii)	Deepening of shallow ponds.
iii)	Excavation of new ponds.
iv)	Impoundment of marginal areas of water bodies.
v)	Construction / repairs of Embankments.
vi)	Construction of Inlets / Outlets.
vii)	Any other item like civil structures, watchmen huts, water supply arrangements / electricity supply arrangements etc. depending on requirements of the project based on its size etc.

Find market: For finding a market to sell your fish, know the small shops from big stores and the transport medium to carry live as well as dead fish.

With inputs from NABARD bankable model

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